TAVI (Transcatheter aortic valve implantation)

TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat aortic valve stenosis, a condition where the aortic valve becomes narrowed and restricts blood flow from the heart to the body. The procedure involves replacing the damaged valve with a new one using a catheter inserted through a small incision, typically in the groin or chest. TAVI is an alternative to open-heart surgery and offers a shorter recovery time and lower risk of complications for eligible patients.

Who Needs TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation)

TAVI is generally recommended for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not candidates for traditional open-heart surgery due to their age or underlying medical conditions. It may also be an option for patients who are at high risk of complications from surgery. A medical specialist will evaluate the patient’s health and medical history to determine whether TAVI is an appropriate treatment option.

When to See a Specialist

If you have symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, or fainting spells, you should see a specialist to determine the cause of your symptoms. A medical specialist may recommend further tests to diagnose aortic valve stenosis, such as an echocardiogram or a CT scan. If TAVI is determined to be an appropriate treatment option, the specialist will provide detailed instructions on how to prepare for the procedure.

Procedure

TAVI, or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat severe aortic stenosis. The procedure involves replacing a damaged aortic valve with an artificial valve through a catheter, rather than through traditional open-heart surgery. Here are the steps involved in a typical TAVI procedure:

• Anesthesia: The patient is given general anesthesia or conscious sedation to make them comfortable and relaxed during the procedure.
• Accessing the Heart: A small incision is made in the groin, and a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. The catheter is guided up to the heart using X-ray and ultrasound imaging.
• Preparing the Heart: Once the catheter is in place, a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted through the first catheter and guided to the aortic valve. The balloon is inflated to widen the valve and create space for the new valve.
• Inserting the New Valve: The artificial valve, typically made of metal or animal tissue, is compressed and inserted into a smaller catheter. The catheter with the new valve is guided to the heart and placed inside the damaged aortic valve.
• Expanding the New Valve: The new valve is then expanded, either through balloon inflation or self-expansion, to secure it in place and allow for proper blood flow.
• Finishing the Procedure: Once the new valve is in place and functioning properly, the catheters are removed, and the incision is closed with stitches or surgical glue. The patient is then monitored in a recovery area before being transferred to a hospital room.

Road to Recovery

Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days of the procedure. However, the specialist will provide detailed instructions on post-procedure care, including avoiding strenuous activity and taking medication as prescribed. Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor the patient’s progress and ensure that the new valve is functioning properly.

Risk Management

As with any medical procedure, TAVI carries some risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and damage to the heart or blood vessels. However, the risk of complications is generally lower with TAVI than with traditional open-heart surgery. A specialist will evaluate the patient’s health and medical history to determine the best course of action and minimize the risk of complications.

Benefits of TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation)

TAVI offers several benefits over traditional open-heart surgery, including a shorter recovery time, fewer complications, and a lower risk of mortality. It is a minimally invasive procedure, which means that there is less scarring and discomfort for the patient. TAVI is also an option for patients who are not candidates for open-heart surgery due to their age or underlying medical conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How long does the TAVI procedure take?

The procedure typically takes about two to three hours.

2. How long does the TAVI valve last?

The TAVI valve is designed to last for several years, but the lifespan of the valve depends on several factors, such as the patient’s age and overall health.

3. Will I be awake during the TAVI procedure?

No, you will be given