Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE)

Embolization is a treatment that blocks or slows down the blood going to tissues or an organ. It can be used to block the flow of blood to a tumour so the cancer cells die. When the material used to block the blood supply also delivers chemotherapy drugs to the tumour, it is called chemoembolization. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a specific type of chemoembolization that blocks the hepatic artery to treat liver cancer.

Who Needs Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE)

Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE) may be recommended for individuals who:

• Have liver cancer that cannot be surgically removed.
• Have tumors that are too large or in a location that makes surgery challenging.
• Are not suitable candidates for surgery due to poor overall health or underlying medical conditions.
• Require a bridge treatment before liver transplantation.
• Have tumors that are resistant to other forms of treatment.

When to See a Specialist

It is important to consult with a hepatologist, oncologist, or interventional radiologist who specializes in liver cancer to determine if Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE) is suitable for you. They will assess your medical history, perform necessary imaging tests, and discuss the potential benefits and risks of the procedure.

Procedure

• Preparation: Before the procedure, you will undergo imaging tests such as CT scan or angiography to map the blood vessels in the liver and identify the tumor(s).
• Anesthesia: TACE is usually performed under local anesthesia, which numbs the area where the catheter will be inserted. In some cases, conscious sedation may be administered to help you relax.
• Catheter Placement: A small incision is made in the groin area, and a catheter is inserted into an artery, usually the femoral artery. Using X-ray guidance, the catheter is threaded through the blood vessels until it reaches the arteries supplying the tumor(s) in the liver.
• Chemotherapy Administration: Once the catheter is in place, the chemotherapy drugs are injected directly into the blood vessels that feed the tumor(s). The drugs are usually mixed with embolic agents or tiny beads that block the blood flow to the tumor(s), trapping the chemotherapy inside and maximizing its effect.
• Monitoring and Completion: Throughout the procedure, the interventional radiologist monitors the progress using X-ray or fluoroscopy. Once the desired treatment has been delivered, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the incision site to prevent bleeding.

Road to Recovery

The recovery time after Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE) varies from person to person. Some individuals may experience mild discomfort, fatigue, or flu-like symptoms for a few days following the procedure. Most people can resume their normal activities within a week or two.

Risk Management

Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE) is generally considered safe, but like any medical procedure, it carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include:

• Infection at the incision site.
• Bleeding or hematoma formation.
• Damage to blood vessels or surrounding organs.
• Allergic reactions to the chemotherapy drugs.
• Post-embolization syndrome, which may cause abdominal pain, fever, nausea, or vomiting.
• Benefits of Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE):
• Liver Transarterial Chemo Embolization (TACE) offers several benefits, including:
• Targeted treatment: TACE delivers chemotherapy drugs directly to the tumor(s) in the liver, increasing their concentration in the affected area.
• Minimally invasive: The procedure is performed through a small incision, reducing the need for open surgery and promoting faster recovery.
• Liver-sparing: TACE selectively targets tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy liver tissue.
• Palliative care: TACE can help alleviate symptoms, control tumor growth, and improve quality of life for individuals with advanced liver cancer.
• Bridge to other treatments: In some cases, TACE can be used as a bridge treatment before liver transplantation or as part of a multimodal approach to manage liver cancer.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is TACE a curative treatment for liver cancer?

TACE is primarily used as a palliative treatment to slow tumor growth and alleviate symptoms. It may also be used as a bridge treatment before liver transplantation or in combination with other therapies.

2. How many TACE sessions are typically required?

The number of TACE sessions varies depending on the size, number, and location of the tumors, as well as the response to treatment. It is usually performed in multiple sessions, spaced several weeks apart.

3. Are there any side effects of TACE?

Some individuals may experience side effects such as pain or discomfort, fatigue, nausea, or loss of appetite after TACE. These side effects are generally temporary and can be managed with medications or supportive care.

4. Can TACE cure liver cancer?

TACE alone is not curative for liver cancer. However, it can help control tumor growth, relieve symptoms, and improve overall survival in certain cases.

5. How long does it take to recover from TACE?

The recovery time after TACE varies, but most individuals can resume their normal activities within a week or two. Your healthcare team will provide specific instructions on post-procedure care and follow-up appointments.