Asthma

Symptoms

The most common symptom of asthma is wheezing. This is a squealing or whistling sound that occurs when you breathe.

Other asthma symptoms may include:

• coughing, especially at night, when laughing, or during exercise

• tightness in the chest

• shortness of breath

• difficulty talking

• anxiousness or panic

• fatigue

• chest pain

• rapid breathing

• frequent infections

• trouble sleeping

   

Causes

Although asthma is especially common in children, many people don’t develop asthma until they are adults.

No single cause has been identifiedTrusted Source for asthma. Instead, researchers believe it’s caused by a variety of factors. These factors include:

• Genetics. If a parent or sibling has asthma, you’re more likely to develop it.

• History of viral infections. People with a history of severe viral infections during childhood, such as respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV), may be more likely to develop the condition.

• Hygiene hypothesis. This theory explains that when babies aren’t exposed to enough bacteria in their early months and years, their immune systems don’t become strong enough to fight off asthma and other allergic conditions.

Many factors can also trigger asthma and cause symptoms to worsen. Triggers for asthma can vary and some people may be more sensitive to certain triggers than others.

The most common triggers include:

• health conditions, such as respiratory infections

• exercise

• environmental irritants

• allergens

• intense emotions

• extreme weather conditions

• pests

• certain medications, including aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Diagnosis

There’s no single test or exam that will determine if you or your child has asthma. Instead, your doctor will use a variety of criteria to determine if the symptoms are the result of asthma.

The following can help diagnose Trusted Source asthma:

• Health history. If you have family members with the breathing disorder, your risk is higher. Alert your doctor to this genetic connection.

• Physical exam. Your doctor will listen to your breathing with a stethoscope. You may also be given a skin test to look for signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives or eczema. Allergies increase your risk for asthma.

• Breathing tests. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measure airflow into and out of your lungs. For the most common test, spirometry, you blow into a device that measures the speed of the air.

   

Who Needs Asthma Care

Anyone experiencing asthma-like symptoms, such as recurrent wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath, should seek medical evaluation. Asthma can develop at any age, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage symptoms and prevent exacerbations.

When to See a Specialist

Consult a pulmonologist or allergist if:

• You have symptoms of asthma, and over-the-counter medications are ineffective.

• Asthma symptoms are interfering with daily activities.

• You need guidance on creating an asthma action plan.

• You require specialized tests or treatments, such as allergy testing or biologic therapies.

Procedure

• Diagnosis: The first step is a proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional, which includes a medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests.

• Treatment Plan: Based on the diagnosis, a personalized treatment plan is developed, which may include medications, lifestyle modifications, and an asthma action plan.

• Medication Management: Asthma medications are prescribed to control symptoms. These may include long-term control medications and quick-relief medications for acute symptoms.

• Monitoring: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial to assess asthma control, adjust medications if necessary, and address any concerns.

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Identifying and avoiding asthma triggers, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and following an asthma action plan are essential.

   

Road To Recovery

Asthma is a chronic condition, but with proper management, most individuals can lead a healthy and active life. Recovery involves adhering to your treatment plan, monitoring your symptoms, and seeking prompt medical care during exacerbations.

Risk Management

Asthma can be managed effectively, but poorly controlled asthma can lead to severe attacks. Risks can be minimized by:

• Taking medications as prescribed.

• Avoiding known triggers.

• Following an asthma action plan.

• Regularly monitoring lung function.

• Seeking medical attention promptly during exacerbations.

Benefits of Asthma Management

• Improved Quality of Life: Properly managed asthma allows individuals to lead active lives with fewer interruptions from symptoms.

• Reduced Hospitalizations: Asthma control reduces the risk of severe attacks, lowering the need for hospitalization.

• Prevention of Complications: Effective asthma management helps prevent long-term complications and lung damage.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is asthma curable?

   Asthma is a chronic condition with no cure, but it can be effectively managed with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

    

2. Can asthma develop in adulthood?

   Yes, asthma can develop at any age, including adulthood. It’s essential to seek medical evaluation if you experience asthma-like symptoms.

    

3. Can asthma attacks be fatal?

   Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Prompt treatment and following an asthma action plan are essential to reduce this risk.

    

4. Can I exercise if I have asthma?

   Many individuals with asthma can exercise safely. Work with your healthcare provider to create an exercise plan that suits your condition and use prescribed medications as needed before physical activity.

    

5. Are all asthma medications inhaled?

   No, asthma medications come in various forms, including inhalers, oral medications, and injectables. The choice of medication depends on the severity of your asthma and your healthcare provider’s recommendations.